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From today's featured article

Judges' bench at the Nuremberg trials

The Nuremberg trials were held jointly by the United States, Soviet Union, France, and the United Kingdom against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany in the aftermath of World War II. Between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the International Military Tribunal tried 22 of the most important surviving Nazi leaders, with the main charge the newly invented and retroactively applied crime of plotting and carrying out invasions, although various German atrocities (especially the Holocaust) were also condemned. The purpose of the trial was not just to convict the defendants but also to assemble irrefutable evidence of Nazi crimes, offer a history lesson to the defeated Germans, and delegitimize the traditional German elite. Although criticized at the time for legal innovation and selective prosecution, the trial has come to be recognized as "the true beginning of international criminal law". (Full article...)

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Recording of Masoud El Amaratly's
folk singing

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In the news

Sheikh Hasina

Former prime minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina (pictured) is found guilty of crimes against humanity in absentia by a Bangladeshi tribunal and sentenced to death.
In Canadian football, the Saskatchewan Roughriders defeat the Montreal Alouettes to win the Grey Cup.
In motorcycle racing, Marc Márquez wins the MotoGP World Championship.
The High Court of Justice in London rules BHP liable for the 2015 Mariana dam disaster in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

On this day

November 20: Transgender Day of Remembrance

1820 – The American whaleship Essex sank 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) west of the western coast of South America after it was attacked by a sperm whale, an event which inspired the novel Moby-Dick by Herman Melville (pictured).
1917 – First World War: The Battle of Cambrai began with British forces having initial success over Germany's Hindenburg Line.
1985 – Windows 1.0 was released, the first Microsoft Windows operating system available to the public.
1990 – Andrei Chikatilo, one of the Soviet Union's most prolific serial killers, was arrested in Novocherkassk.
2003 – Suicide bombers blew up the British consulate and the headquarters of HSBC Bank in Istanbul, killing 31 people, including consul general Roger Short and actor Kerem Yılmazer.

Theoktistos (d. 855)
Clytus Gottwald (b. 1925)
Robert F. Kennedy (b. 1925)
Cri-Zelda Brits (b. 1983)

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Today's featured picture

Otto von Habsburg (20 November 1912 – 4 July 2011) was the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in November 1918. In 1922, he became the pretender to the former thrones, head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and sovereign of the Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece, upon the death of his father. He resigned as Sovereign of the Golden Fleece in 2000 and as head of the Imperial House in 2007. This photograph of von Habsburg was taken in 2006 by German photographer Oliver Mark.

Photograph credit: Oliver Mark

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